Racial And Ethnic Tensions That Can Affect Our Society

Good Evening Nortcentral High, Have you ever wondered why we discriminate or stereotype other individuals of a particular race, gender, age, or ethnicity? Because we live in world that is rapidly growing and becoming more diverse than ever, it is critical that we gain the knowledge and understanding of other cultures values, worldviews, and way of communication. In this lecture, we will address the racial and ethnic tensions that exist in our school. In addition, there will be a short play demonstrating issues involving discrimination and stereotype. At the end or this transcript, you will find various resources for future reading. Hopefully this will help to expand your worldviews and perspectives on racism and how it can affect our†¦show more content†¦For the last two weeks here at Northside High School, we have been investigating the school because of the racial tension that has been evolving between some of our Hispanics, African American and Caucasian students. After receiving numerous of calls and e-mails from parents, staff members, and community members about frequent fights and racial graffiti on the school property, our Superintendent Walter Davidson formed an emergency task force. The purpose for this intervention is to solve the racial tension between our students and make our schools safe for every individual despite their race, gender, age, or ethnicity. Although there are some routes that we can take to defuse some of the racial activities and behavior problems that are taking place in our school, the desire to change has to come from within each student. The goal is to promote diversity in our school and to help students, teachers, and our entire staff, regardless of their race, gender, age, or ethnicity to overcome this racial tension. We have interviewed several students of different ethnic groups and they believe that the reason for racial tension evolving in our school and community is because one group may stereotype another group for the way they dress, or wear their hair. They also report that some groups go too far with name calling and making fun of others because of their skin

The Black Music The Soul Of Black Folk - 1855 Words

Represent Many parts of music popular culture was created or directly influenced by Black music. Through the history of Black musical forms, each style represented a reality of the Black community, whether regionally or based on the time period and politics. Before enslaved Africans had the education to write their stories, they were told orally, often set to music. Highlighting the genius of a people, when there were ideas and stories that were adverse to those in power, Black people were able to hide their true messages in a song. This tradition never changed, even with emancipation, reconstruction, civil rights, and black power. Still oppressed in many different ways, music still captures and retells the reality of life as a†¦show more content†¦From the political unrest of the 1950’s, 60’s and 70’s Civil Rights, anti-Vietnam protests, and emergence of Black Power/Black Revolution ideals, soul music captured a variety of ideologies and presented them to the masses. Music allowed for a mix of the ideologies to the mass of Blacks across the nation, without having to formally declare one main ideology as the only one they subscribed to. Soul then gave birth to funk which allowed more freedom in musical expression while appropriating religious zeal and traditions and keeping critical political discourse. Major funk artists like Sly and the Family Stone, Parliament/Funkadelics, and the ever evolving James Brown provided pro-Black messaging with holy ghost inspired concerts that were really religious meetings. Whether it was the pentecostal services of Sly or the afrocentric sci-fi ideals of George Clinton, a historic sound and tradition that is unapologetically Black happened for all audiences. As the decade of the 1970’s came to an end, a new Black music emerged like much of the others - wrapped in social realities of an genuinely Black experience. Rap/Hip Hop bursted on the seams relating many of the same political messages and ideologies heard decades before. Echoing the Black Power movement and using the musical culture as a way to rebuild Black communities constantly under attack, rap brought real life stories of an urban, youngerShow MoreRelatedThe Souls of Black Folk1595 Words   |  7 Pagesthe text of The Souls of Black Folk embodies Du Bois experience of duality as well as his peoples. In Du Bois Forethought to his essay collection, The Souls of Black Folk, he entreats the reader to receive his book in an attempt to understand the world of African Americans—in effect the souls of black folk. Implicit in this appeal is the assumption that the author is capable of representing an entire people. This presumption comes out of Du Bois own dual nature as a black man who has livedRead More Langston Hughes Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pagesand exploration for African Americans . 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Du Bois said â€Å"I taught school in the hills of Tennessee where the broad dark vale of the Mississippi begins to roll and crumple to greet the Alleghenies† (253). That they found themselves able to ace this world but hold relationship for the untaught masses gave an illustration to other instructed African Americans of how to handle the issue of the covering that separatedRead MoreWeb Du Bois and Double Consciousness Essay936 Words   |  4 PagesSOC101 Lestine Shedrick October 18, 2011 W.E.B. Du Bois (1968-1963) was a huge contributor to sociology through the eyes and experience of an African-American scholar (Vissing, 2011). Du Bois was an author, activist and student of Black sociology. In his 1897 article, Strivings of the Negro People†, Du Bois introduced the term â€Å"double-consciousness†, a concept I believe to be just as relevant in today’s African-American communities. 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Class Struggles Essay Research Paper Having declared free essay sample

Class Struggles Essay, Research Paper Having declared in the opening sentence of the Manifesto that all history is the history of category battles, Marx adds instantly in a footnote of written history . For anterior to the innovation of authorship, societies were mobile, organized in folks, each folk made of less than 100 persons. There was barely any division of labour, other than sexual. The folk would denominate a head, and modern ethnology Tells us the head had really small power. His chief map was to defuse any struggle among tribesmen, non as a justice, he had no power to justice, but more by utilizing his personal appeal to speak people out of their wrangles. His authorization would be limited to taking the Hunt and, of class, the war. That? s all. In his essay, The Origin of Property, Family and the State, Engels describes societal life in these crude folks really much as something like lawlessness . I would wish to add here that modern anthropology supports Engels? analysis. Crude societies did non cognize anything that resembles political power, allow entirely a province. They had no usage for it. Pierre Clastres, in his intriguing book, Society Against State, notes that the lone distinctive characteristic between crude and modern societies is non agribusiness, it is non sedentary life, it is the establishment of a province. Angstrom modern society is a society that is capable to the power of a province. So called crude societies were non. In economic footings, mobile folk ( which Engels calls names ) do non roll up a batch of goods. The lone capital they use is what people can transport on their dorsum or on the dorsum of an animate being. Not much. Therefore, between folks, force is limited, there is non much to suppress and to plunder, and war is considered more like a athletics, a unsmooth athletic competition. Note that war was a game played by all tribesmen. All valid work forces went to war, when called for, there were no professionals. How did the province come about? With agribusiness began a procedure of capital accretion. In order to farm, one demands foremost to unclutter the land. Trees have to be uprooted, Fieldss have to be irrigated, tilled and planted. Granaries have to be built to hive away grain for the twelvemonth, pending the following crop. All this readying and building may take many months, and it is difficult work. So people started to believe: Why should we make it? When we go at war, we take captives, allow the captives do the hard work . And so, says Engels, society experienced its first division into categories, between a category of Masterss and a category of slaves, between users and exploited. Of class, the society which has accumulated this capital becomes the enviousness and the mark of its neighbours. War is no longer a athletics, it can pay, and pay large, because if you conquer the enemy? s land that has already been cleared and irrigated, with a twelvemonth or more supply in depots, it is salvaging you the investing and difficult work. So each society had to form some kind of lasting defense mechanism against predators and encroachers. Each society took out of its surplus adequate nutrient to pay for a group of people who would hold no other map than protection, i.e. , a professional ground forces. Now once the swayers had an armed force at their disposal, the enticement was at that place for good to utilize it against their ain people, to consolidate the swayers? power. Therefore, says Engels, at that place emerged a new establishment, which would keep order in society, and of class an order favorable to the dominant category. This establishment is called the province . Let me cite straight from Engels : In order to keep this public power, parts from the province citizens are necessary # 8212 ; revenue enhancements. These were wholly unknown to gentile society [ the alleged primitives ] . We know more than plenty about them today! With progressing civilisation, even revenue enhancements are non sufficient ; the province draws bill of exchanges on the hereafter, contracts loans, province debts. Our old Europe can state a narrative about these, excessively. [ Engels was composing this in 1867. What would he hold to state about our modern Europe, with provinces looting a full 50 % of all wealth created in society and running debts tantamount to two old ages of GNP! ] In ownership of the public power and the right of revenue enhancement, the functionaries now present themselves as variety meats of society standing above society? Representatives of a power which estranges them from society, they have to be given prestige by agencies of particular edicts, which invest them with a curious holiness and inviolability. The province is hence by no means a power imposed on society from without # 8230 ; Rather, it is a merchandise of society at a peculiar phase of development # 8230 ; The first point I wish to underscore here with Marx and Engels is that the province is a human concept ; it is non built-in to mankind, as the queen is to an ant settlement or a beehive. Human societies existed historically without a province, and there is no ground why we could non form ourselves once more in the hereafter without a province. My 2nd point is that, as Marx and Engels tell us, the province is the instrument of subjugation used to maintain in cheque the exploited multitudes. Without the province, mass development would non be possible. Political orientation Now, the dominant category sums to merely a fraction of the population, sometimes as low as 10-20 % . Surely, 10 % can non work 90 % . How come hence this little minority manages to remain in power? For commanding the province is non plenty. Keeping an ground forces of professional warriors to maintain in cheque citizens who really frequently do non hold the right to bear weaponries is so a manner of implementing your power over society, but it is non a warrant. An rebellion, a monolithic taking to the streets, a general work stoppage, can subvert any authorities, even supported by the military, as history has witnessed so many times. So the opinion category ever used another mean of exerting its power, it is ideology, and understanding how ideology plants may be Marx # 8217 ; s greatest part to the survey of history. Political orientations are the altering thoughts, values, even feelings, through which persons experience their society. Ideologies present the dominant thoughts, the beliefs and values of the opinion category, as being the thoughts of society as a whole. Thus persons, because they are believing by utilizing the constructs, the words and the mentions of others, are prevented from hold oning how society really maps, and they can non even suspect that they are exploited. Marxists minds, like Gramsci, Lukacs and Althusser, have expanded greatly on Marx # 8217 ; s construct of political orientation, and it goes farther than Ayn Rand # 8217 ; s countenance of the victim. For Marx, and particularly for Gramsci, I would state political orientation achieves the perfect offense. A perfect offense is non when the felon remains unknown, it is one that cipher even suspects to be a offense, where decease is declared strictly inadvertent, and no 1 will look for a condemnable. For Marx, the victims have nil to consent to, they do non see themselves at all as victims. Quite the contrary. They say the maestro is good, he feeds me every twenty-four hours, he does non crush me more frequently than I deserve to be. The production of political orientation is the intellectuals? occupation, and up until late, intellectuals were portion of a clergy. You know the celebrated definition given by Marx of faith as being the opium of the people. Religion was perceived as a kind of depressant of the head. So even when people might hold become witting of their subjugation, there came the governing category? 2nd line of defence: Yes, my friend, you are right, God placed you at the underside of society, but it is for your ain good, you will be all the happier in a ulterior life ; it is God? s program for society that there exists Godheads and retainers, sorry, old fellow, you are one of the retainers, but you wouldn? T want to arise against God? s will, would you? . Armed with such powerful tools as the province constabularies and political orientation, the dominant category neer gives up its power gracefully. Why would it? It seems it has the agencies to govern everlastingly. Yet, history shows us that changes did take topographic point. Marx identifies two such transmutations in human history, from bondage to feudality, and from feudality to capitalist economy. Revolutions So what caused these momentous alterations? The reply is: proficient inventions, which forced alterations in the production procedure. Marx is frequently interpreted as a technological fatalist on the footing of such stray citations as: The windmill gives you society with the feudal Godhead ; the steam-mill gives you society with the industrial capitalist. It is of class more complicated than that. But fundamentally, what we can state is that the dominant category? power base is the control over certain trade goods, over certain beginnings of wealth. But the dominant category can non foretell, allow entirely command, the outgrowth of a new engineering. When this engineering emerges, it may be in the custodies of a group of people who are non members of the dominant category. And all of a sudden these innovators bring forth a transmutation in the agencies of production, in the manner society is organized, and hence in the manner society thinks, how it apprehends itself, because, says Marx, the manner we work, the map of production, what we do, influences who we are. And the turning figure of people who are involved in the new engineering see society with new eyes, they start oppugning whether the power of the dominant category is legitimate. This is precisely what happened throughout history, of class. For case, new innovations in the eighteenth century, including the steam engine, were both a effect and a cause of the doctrine of Enlightenment, which exposed the arbitrary of the godly right of Kings , and therefore of all blue privileges, and led to the American and Gallic revolutions. It is hard to challenge the relevancy of Marx? s and Engels? analysis of history. I concur with all they say about category battles and the map of political orientation # 8211 ; prior to the Enlightenment. Quite evidently, the slave is dispossessed, he may non have anything, he is clearly exploited. The feudal helot is barely in a better status. He is tied to the land, he can non go forth it and is sold with it. But when Marx goes on to state that workers under the capitalist government are dispossessed as the helot were, I have a job following his concluding. Marx believes that the new dominant category after the Industrial Revolution is the 1 made up by the proprietors of capital, it is the middle class. But this tax write-off is incorrect, apparent incorrect. There is a logical false belief here. Freedom The logical false belief is to situate that if two events occur at the same time, one must be the effect of the other. This logic reminds me of one of Husserl? s favourite anecdote: There is this cat who drinks whiskey and sodium carbonate, and he gets drunk, so he takes gin and sodium carbonate, and he gets drunk, so he takes vodka and sodium carbonate, and he gets intoxicated, and he concludes that he gets drunk on sodium carbonate. I don? T want to minimize Marx? s huge intelligence, but he is stating us that slave Masterss had political power, they exploited their slaves and they got rich. Feudal Godheads had political power, they exploited their helot and they got rich. Capitalists are rich, therefore they must work their workers, right? Hang on. Capitalists have no political power. This certainly must do a difference. Unlike feudal Godheads and slave Masterss, capitalists can non hale anybody to work for them, to devour their merchandises, nor to finance their enterprises. Marx feigns to disregard that with the outgrowth of the industrial revolution came another revolution, which redistributed power within society. It was the classical broad revolution in the eighteenth century and it changed radically the political and legal environment. Peoples were free to work where they wanted, for whomever they wanted. Marx pooh-poohs the accomplishment of that revolution and what he refers to as formal freedom. You know the statement, that Marx will belabour in The Capital: We say the worker agrees to work for the capitalist because no police officers are dragging him from his place to the mill, but this means merely that he is compelled by societal conditions . In his treatise, # 8216 ; The Poverty of Philosophy # 8217 ; , Marx writes Indeed the single considers as his ain freedom the motion no longer curbed or fettered by a common tie or by adult male, the motion of his anomic life elements, like belongings, industry, faith? And Marx adds: In world, this is the flawlessness of his bondage and his inhumaneness. This is instead hapless doctrine on Marx? s portion. Freedom is the motion no longer curbed by other work forces, freedom is freedom of belongings, of industry, of religion.. There is none other. Take it off and you get Stalinism. The wealth of male monarchs, slave Masterss, feudal Godheads and all their flunkies, was acquired through the effort of force, by manner of military conquering, revenue enhancement, arrogation, enslavement.. But non needfully the capitalists? wealth. The capitalist makes money, so, and for a few of them, that money may be numbered in one million millions, but he is non an user. The ownership of the agencies of production by itself does non do anyone an user. This is where Marx got it incorrect. Making money in a trade between accepting parties is non working anyone, how could it be? Work Marx was a truster in belongings rights. It is because his work is the worker? s belongings that Marx may reason the worker is dispossessed of his wage. But Marx? s petroleum philistinism blinds his vision and prevents him from seeing that it is non work that is remunerated, what is remunerated is work that is of service to person, and to person who values this work plenty to pay for it. Work by itself is destructive. The Bible already taught us that work is a imprecation. Paradoxically, the record of Marxist provinces proves my point. Armies of workers toiled literally similar slaves during tonss of old ages, non making any wealth, really destructing it. They extracted absolutely good Cu mineral and petroleum oil, and turned it into unserviceable electric wires and plastics. Many economic experts calculated that if all the people in the Soviet Union had stopped working and had been content to sell their huge trade good resources without trying to transform them, they would hold been far better off. Work has no value by itself. The value is in the service you render to person. It so happens that in most cases you can non be of service to person without executing a certain sum of work, but Marx confuses the terminal and the agencies. If person could convey me clients whilst kiping, I would pay that person to kip. So it is non work that the capitalist pays, it is the service the worker is rendering. There are people who for whatever ground are able to render a great service to a great figure of purchasers, and they make packages of money, and there are others who hold non found a manner to turn out their utility, ensuing in differences of grosss, sometimes really significant 1s. But the capitalist pays all services precisely the just monetary value, or the worker, in a politically free society, would instantly look into the classified ads to see whether another employer offers a higher monetary value for the same service, and if that other employer can non be found, so it is grounds that the wage paid is precisely the carnival and present value of the service rendered. So if ca pitalists pay just rewards, and if workers are non exploited by their employer, who are the users? Who makes up the dominant category today? This inquiry will go clear if we bear in head there are two ways to travel goods in society, by the usage of force, which is the political manner, by trade and gifts, which is the economic manner. Capitalism is the usage of trade and gifts, non the usage of political relations, to administer goods in society. All other governments resort to force. Marx and Engels emphasize the point themselves. Feudalism and bondage are based on province coactive powers. The consequences of their work are merely confiscated from the workers, and if they do non like it and seek to get away, police officers and soldiers will drag them back to where they belong, so they may go on to be exploited. Now, is at that place non a category today, who uses the powers of constabulary and the ground forces to impound the consequences of our labour? Is at that place non a category today, who resorts to political restraint to get its agencies of life? Those who resort to force today to acquire their grosss, as the feudal Godheads did three hundred old ages ago, are, of class, all province employees. They do non do money in exchange for a service people find utile plenty to pay for. State employees merely collect the agencies they need through the usage of force, coercion, racket, revenue enhancements ( all these words being synonymous here ) . They form the new opinion category. We are the laden. So it is obvious, my friends, that the category battle is non over. We are still face to face with our users, category against category, The enigma is why this development by the governing category of province employees and their flunkies is non obvious to everyone. How come does it last, how come the huge bulk of the population does non go witting of the subjugation it is subjected to? For it is true that most people in Europe do non comprehend revenue enhancement as robbery and government-imposed ordinances and controls as coercion. You meet people presents who would take out a gun and shoot a young person who is stealing a cassette participant from their auto, and these same people allow the tax collector to walk off with 50 % of what they earn, every month, twelvemonth after twelvemonth, during their full life-time. Furthermore, when you assess how much you are robbed by the tax collector, it is non merely what you pay today that you should take into history, but the compounded value of all what you have paid since the VAT you incurred on your foremost of all time purchase and the income revenue enhancement on your first wage, plus the chance cost of all the undertakings and desires you could non carry through with that money because it was taken off from you. Try to calculate out what these Numberss add up to for yourself, you? ll be staggered. The Governing Class Now the first reply to the inquiry of why we allow ourselves to be exploited seems to be that the dominant category does non look to be the wealthiest in society, and the fact is it is non. So how come they exploit us, if they don? Ts make more money than the richest amongst us? Some people in the new opinion category may non be rich, it is true, but neither were many slave proprietors or feudal Godheads. Many lived no better, even were much poorer, than common mans, who were active in trade and other concerns. It is non the sum of wealth that makes you a member of the opinion category, but the manner this wealth, nevertheless modest, is acquired. It is non how much you earn, but how you earn it, that qualifies development. Do you do your money by political agencies or economical agencies? Is it earned or is it extorted? Madonna makes 1,000 times more money than a secretary in the European Union Brussels bureaucratism, but no 1 is forced to purchase Madonna records or go to her concerts. Every individual penny, hence, that Madonna gets is given to her, frequently enthusiastically, by her fans. Every individual penny the EU secretary gets in wage is extorted from taxpayers. I grant you that some people who get their grosss through coercion may still render a utile service. I am certain one finds learned professors in province universities and dedicated practicians in province infirmaries. The feudal Godhead excessively offered the services of justness, constabulary and defence to his helot, the official church provided instruction and societal services.. The inquiry is: there is no manner to cognize how much these services offered by province employees are truly deserving: are they rendered in an optimum manner? Do they match to the true demands of the people? Because you are non free to pay for them ( and frequently the proviso of these services is a monopoly protected by jurisprudence ) , no 1 can state how utile the service truly is, how much of this service would be needed and at what monetary value. More significantly, the terminal neer justifies the agencies. As Albert Camus used to state: A political blackwash is non a political act, it is an blackwash ; likewise we may state: Robing the rich to help the hapless is non assistance, it is robbery . You can prove by yourself how utile a profession is by the manner you would wish those engaged in it to pattern it. You want an air hose pilot, a hairstylist, a attorney, a cook, a cocotte? , to be difficult working, dedicated, and originative in their occupation, but now think of imposts functionaries. If you have to pay them at all, pay them for making nil, you would acquire better value than paying them for interfering with your personal businesss. This is how utile these users are to society. I must squeal that, among users, I nurture a particular antipathy for imposts functionaries, and if I may do a intermission here, I would wish to state you a narrative. It is about this tourer who is sing a foreign metropolis. He notices a store, like that of an old-timer trader, and a really odd little statue of a cat in the window. The tourer walks in and asks for a monetary value. The statue is merely $ 100, says the old-timer trader, but the narrative that goes with the statue is $ 1,000 . I don? Ts need the narrative, the tourer shrugs, I want to convey a keepsake place, and this statue will make merely mulct. I? ll sell it to you, but believe me, warns the old-timer trader, you? ll shortly come back for the narrative . The tourer leaves the store, with the statue in his pocket. As he is returning to his hotel, he notices a cat is following him. This is unusual. He looks back once more, and now four cats are on his dress suits, and shortly 20 cats. The tourer realizes he can non walk into the hotel with a herd of cats behind him, so, as he was traversing a span, he throws the statue into the river. Immediately, the whole ground forces of cats jump from the span into the H2O and drown. Flabbergasted by what happened, the tourer intermissions for a long minute ; so he takes a sudden determination and traces his stairss back to the store. The old-timer trader wears an indulgent smiling: I see you are already coming back for the narrative. No, replies the tourer, I would wish to purchase a statue of a imposts functionary. With the transmutation of society, the face of subjugation alterations to reflect different fortunes. This is why we wear? t readily acknowledge development for what it is. For case, in most European states, authorities administrative officials are employed for life. It is the regulation in France. When a gifted immature Frenchman is recruited by a province bureau, the whole Gallic society finds itself saddled with a legal duty of 7 to 10 million dollars towards this new employee. This is how much it will be society on norm to fund this individual? s useless activity from the first pay-check through retirement and until she dies. This 7 to 10 million dollars is the capital the exploited category is forced to vouch by jurisprudence each member of the province users? category. And in France, there are more than 5 1000000s of them, some 20 % of the active population. Drowning By Numbers? This figure of approximately 20 % of the active population, by the manner, is at the high terminal of the proportion of feudal Godheads and the official clergy to the entire population during mediaeval times. There seems to be a natural jurisprudence that prevents the governing category from turning above that figure of 20 % . Ecology offers us many illustrations of such a fixed ratio between users and exploited, between the figure of marauders and their quarries. Wolfs, for case, provender on caribous. When the wolves population additions, they kill off excessively many caribous ; they start to travel hungry, the weakest starve to decease, and their entire population settees back to where it was. This analogy tells us there is no difference in nature between socialism and social-democracy. The difference is merely in grade. In the USSR, in Cuba and elsewhere, the marauders exterminated their quarries, at least those who did non pull off to fly the state, so the marauders ended up hungering. Social-democratic provinces were clever plenty non to frighten off all the caribous and maintain sufficiency of them alive, so that the opinion category could thrive. The environment nevertheless is altering before our eyes. Social-democratic economic systems are non turning every bit steadily as they did, and fall ining the marauders? category is seen as the short and safe manner to do a life. Families want their girls to set down a occupation at a Ministry, husbandmans demand subsidies, industrialists beg for duty protections, the aged privation higher pensions? Every dominant category throughout history faced this demand from foreigners to take part in the booty. At first, the users found ways to restrict entry. For case, engagement in the category of feudal Godheads came by birth merely. But sooner or later, the dominant category had to give in to Alliess? and dependents? force per unit area. Athinais had to incorporate its meteques, its occupant foreigners ; excessively many colonials became Roman citizens ( think of the Apostle Paul ) ; in France, under Louis XV, as province caissons were emptying, the King was merely auctioning off entree to the baronial ranks? The present opinion category is even more vulnerable. It finds it impossible to keep the figure of marauders, as new entries are conferred non by birth, but by an test. This method of choosing marauders on the footing of expertness was what the Enlightenment considered its highest accomplishment: La carri? rhenium ouverte aux talents.. Not the scions of ancient households, but the ablest citizens, whatever their societal beginning, would govern the state. Of class, these new swayers, as they became in charge of public instruction, would do certain the course of study would favor their ain family. You rarely see an embassador? s boy working on a mill line, and they are non many mill worker? s boies who make it to an ambassadorship. It is a specifying feature of a opinion category that it perpetuates itself through coevalss. The job for the present opinion category, nevertheless, as Marx anticipated, is once more technological invention. As the economic system evolves from the Machine Age to the Information Age, it requires better qualified people, non illiterate mill line workers. Information Age workers are people who have the capacity to go through all the barriers for admittance into the opinion category. So the figure of marauders is swelling. It is the governing category? internal contradiction. Democracy Of class, this is non the lone job the working category is confronting. Its other concern is that the political orientation which amenitiess its legitimacy, the Enlightenment doctrine, besides supports the political government known as democracy. Democracy? s contrariness is that it turns all of us into confederates of the force exerted against society. We accept this force inasmuch as we hope to go the oppressors ourselves. In a feudal society, it is clear who the oppressors are, and who are the victims, because you are born into one cantonment or into the other, as I was adverting earlier. You are born a slave or a helot, and all your life, you remain an guiltless victim of your oppressors. Democratic society fuzz this line between scoundrels and victims. It gives everyone an easy opportunity to take portion in subjugation. Every clip we cast our ballot, we are meaning that we wish to take control over portion of the population, that we want to enforce upon these work forces and adult females our thoughts and values and we want to extort from them the fiscal agencies to accomplish our ain ends. Democracy is the system that perverts every single? s psyche and turns every adult male and adult female into a racketeer. With the concurrence of democratic racketeering and an blow uping opinion category, the load on the exploited multitudes is acquiring intolerable. Exploitation is bare and brutish. Even ideology shortly will non be able to explicate off why we are ransomed. The Big Lie Yet the opinion category? political orientation has done a good occupation so far, when you think of it. It made us believe that without the province, roads would non be built, the hapless would agonize in the streets, infirmaries would non be funded, and no 1 would compose theatre dramas any more? On wireless and telecasting channels, in the newspapers, at schools and in universities, at churches, everyplace, we are told that democracy is the lone feasible government ; that societal justness is the common good ; that it is morally acceptable to hale any single if it is for the good of the collective ; that the terminal justifies the agencies ; that there are experts up at that place in authorities, who are taking attention of our wellbeing, who know better than we do what is good for us, if merely we would allow them? Conservative ideologists maintain that category battle does non be any longer, we are all middle-class now? Leftist ideologists still believe in this thought that we are exploited, but development, they say, comes from the rich, from multinationals, from Wall Street moneymans and Swiss bankers # 8230 ; No one of all time mentions that the users are the province bureaucratism and its flunkies, the military-industrial composite, subsidised husbandmans and industrialists? , populating off financess extorted from the productive multitudes. Such sightlessness is astonishing. On my left, you have a category of people with guns. They run the ground forces, the constabulary, justness, they control the media through broadcast medium licences, they exert censoring. All the agencies at their disposal come from revenue enhancement, your grosss and nest eggs extorted literally at gun point. On my right, you have multinationals and little enterprisers, productive workers and Godheads # 8230 ; They bring you the nutrient you consume, they build your houses, they connect you to telephone webs and telecasting channels, they supply you with apparels, they manufacture your cars and your computing machines ; they are so afraid that you would halt purchasing their goods, which you can make at any clip, that they spend millions publicizing them on calendered paper and picture cartridge holders. Now, who are the users? The people with guns, right, the people who Don? T offer you anything you wish to hold, or they would hold no demand to impound your money in order to bring forth it, the blackmailers? Wrong. The users are the capitalists. Isn? t a effort of mastermind on the ideologists? portion that they have us believe the users are the manufacturers, the Godheads, the suppliers, of the goods you enjoy to purchase? The bigger a prevarication, the more dependably it is believed. In a Fran? Office of Intelligence Support Truffaut movie, there is this schoolboy who arrives tardily in category. He knows the instructor won? t believe any narrative about trains running tardily, coach accidents, and the usual alibis. So he makes a sad face and declares: My female parent merely died . The whole school assembles instantly and offers understandings ; no 1 suspects this tragic decease could be a prevarication. Political prevarications have to be so gross as to be believed.

Accounting Development Theory and Application

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Development for Theory and Application. Answer: Introduction The present report deals with the analysis of the annual report of Dexus Property Group and Sonic Health Care by focusing on intangible assets of the company. The analysis has been done to ascertain that whether the company has complied with applicable accounting standards in an appropriate manner or not. The study is focused on comparison and contrast of accounting policies adopted by both the companies in preparation of financial statement with the framework of IASB framework and related accounting standards. For the same aspect impairment and valuation policies of companies are evaluated and compared with each other in order to comment on the viability of financial statements. Dexus Property Group DXS is an Australian Real Estate Investment Trust that invests, develops, manages and trades Australian office and industrial property. It consists of an approximately $22.2 billion assets under management. The buildings are located in the central business district if Sydney, Perth, Adelaide and other areas. The property portfolio of the group includes $ 11 billion of owned property, and $11.2 billion of property managed by third parties and the remaining part is relating to development pipeline. During its journey of 30 years, the company has invested solely in Australia. To guarantee a reliability of governance, the Board of Dexus Group has recognised a commercial governance framework which applies to the invested funds of the entire group. The company has followed the guidelines provided in IAS 36 for impairments of assets. According to the standard, Assets should be assessed for impairment at the end of each reporting period (Mayorga and Sidhu, 2012.). If there are indications of impairment, an impairment test should be carried out (Andersson and Wenzel, 2014). Regardless of whether there are indications of impairment exist or not, such a test must be carried out for: An intangible asset having an indefinite life or which is not yet available for use Goodwill relating to obtained in a business combination. For assessing impairment, all the assets are assembled at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows. All the intangible assets of the company are documented at fair value at first and then measured at amortised cost. The intangibles are charged on a continuing basis for impairment. Impairment of goodwill for the year 2015 and 2016 remain same at $99000. The Net Realizable Value (NRV) of intangibles is determined using a forecasted price with a reduction of approximate costs which can be incurred to get the assets to their over and done condition. The major hypotheses related to all the current intangible assets and goodwill are evaluated every year or as per the need arise if there are any signs of impairment. In the year 2015-16, the reviewed key estimates of inventories show no existence of impairment. As per the study of Kung and et.al.( 2013), loss in the impairment value is recognised in the income statements at a cost which carrying amount of assets exceeds its recoverable amount. Sonic Healthcare Sonic Healthcare Limited is an Australian based company which offers services related to laboratory pathology, and radiology. The corporation has become one of the leading diagnostic companies globally. The practices are dedicated to providing efficient quality and service to the patients and doctors that they serve. The core of the success of the company is its commitment to medical sovereignty and independence. It has its foundation in the pathology practice of Douglass Laboratories. The entity was listed on the ASE in the year 1987 as Sonic Technology Australia Ltd. In 1995 the name of the company was changed to Sonic Healthcare Ltd. According to the annual report, all the assets of Sonic Health Care have subjected to impairment annually. IAS 36 deals with impairment of assets. As per the provision of same standards, assets should be assessed for impairment at the end of each year (Ienciu and Matis, 2014). In case the carrying value of assets exceeds its recoverable amount of individual asset, an impairment loss is recognised by reducing the carrying value of the asset. The same practice has been adopted by the company. The company comprises of a large collection of intangible assets. Due to this, there are high prospects of a reduction in the output of asset, and impairment of the concerned assets. The objective of AASB 138 (Intangible assets) is recognised intangible assets only if they meet the specified criteria. According to Bonin (2013), the standard also specifies the methodology to measure the carrying amount of intangible asset and the appropriate manner of disclosing them in books of accounts. Amortisation of intangibles for the year 2016 was $54,528. Amortisation of the intangibles has increased by 16.3% due to business acquisitions and growth. Amortisation expenses of intangibles assets show an increase of 21% owing to new software developments and innovations. Although there is an increase in impairment of assets, profits of the company have shown a drastic improvement of an increase of 20%. Verifiability of value declared Value declared in the financial statements of both the companies is eligible to verification by the independent auditors and stakeholders. Users can also verify the value declared by taking into consideration the given information (Bryer, 2013.). Assessment of assets is done by sovereign experts in the field which ensures reliability and precision of financial figures mentioned in the annual report. Both the companies had valued the intangible asset in accordance with the provisions of AASB 138 and IAS 36. According to AASB 138, the intangible assets should be recognised only if the probability of future economic benefits for the company exists and the assets should be measured initially at cost. The same provisions have been followed by both the companies. The goodwill of DEXUS group represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the identifiable asset of acquired subsidiary as on the date of acquisition. The valuation has been evaluated by Board after approving long-term forecast of five years with the assistance of discounted cash flow model. The performance of year five has been taken as terminal value. However, no specific method of impairment has been specified by Sonic Healthcare, but the company has amortised intangible assets relating to software as well as the contract cost. The goodwill that has been recognised by the company is arising from business combinations featured with their reputation in the local market. The benefit from same is expected in revenue growth, future market development and other areas. Intangible asset as off-balance sheet item The intangible assets of Dexus Property Group are valued at $307,076 as on June 2016. The value has increased in comparison to the previous year which was $3 01,400. The intangible assets are measured at actual cost and amortised using the straight-line method. The useful life is estimated at 16 years. The goodwill is not subjected to amortisation (Glaum and et.al. 2013). The intangible assets of Sonic Healthcare are valued at $5,158,984. There is an increase in the value of intangibles as compared to last year. According to Deegan (2012), appropriate accounting of amortisation is made by considering the standards of Australian Accounting Board. In addition, all the expenses and payments related to intangible assets are recorded in the consolidated income statement (Gaffikin and Aitken, 2014). Hence, the companies have not recorded intangible asset as off-balance sheet item. However, detail reporting of the accounting strategies related to intangible assets with is only mentioned in the notes of Dexus Property Group. Conclusion The present study shows that the companies have complied with provisions of applicable standard relating to intangible assets. However, the study depicts that Dexus Property Group has provided all the associated accounting policies in a detail and appropriate manner in comparison to Sonic Heath care. Further, the methods of valuation and explanation are quoted through which the users of financial statement can understand the accounting policies of the company with no trouble. However, Sonic health Care is lacking in this aspect. In addition, both the companies have documented their assets at fair value by considering the condition of prudence. This shows true and dependable information to stakeholders. Both the companies have complied with the guidelines of AASB 138 and IAS 36 for amortisation. They had acknowledged the intangible assets by taking into consideration of the fact that they provide financial benefit in the future. While measuring the value of intangible assets, the companies have considered the provisions of accounting standard and valued as per their accordance. Hence, the intangible assets are recognised only when the probability of future economic benefit for the company exist and are valued at initial cost. The same policy has been followed by both the companies and is in accordance with provisions of accounting standard too. References ersson, S. Wenzel, F. (2014). Application of IAS 36Impairment of fixed assets-A qualitative study about the main challenges for companies regarding impairments. Bonin, H. (2013).Generational accounting: theory application. Springer Science Business Media. Bryer, R. (2013). Americanism financial accounting theoryPart 2: The modern business enterprise, America's transition to capitalism, the genesis of management accounting.Critical Perspectives on Accounting. 24(4). Pp.273-318. Deegan, C. (2012).Australian financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Gaffikin, M. Aitken, M. (2014).The Development of Accounting Theory (RLE Accounting): Significant Contributors to Accounting Thought in the 20th Century. Routledge. Glaum, M., et.al. (2013). Compliance with IFRS 3- IAS 36-required disclosures across 17 European countries: company- country-level determinants.Accounting business research. 43(3). Pp.163-204. Ienciu, N.M. Matis, D. (2014). Inflexion points in the development of IAS 38.Journal of Financial Reporting Accounting.12(1). Pp.62-75. Kung, F.H. et.al. (2013). The Association between Goodwill Amortisation the Dividend Payout Ratio.Asian Journal of Business Accounting.6(2). P.1. Mayorga, D.M. Sidhu, B.K. (2012). Corporate disclosures of the major sources of estimation uncertainties.Australian Accounting Review.22(1). Pp.25-39. Online DEXUS Industrial Trust (ARSN 090 879 137) Financial Report. (2016). [PDF]. Available through www.annualreports.com/Company/DEXUS-Property-Group. [Accessed on 23rd December 2016]. Sonic Healthcare Concise Annual Report. (2016). [PDF]. Available through www.sonichealthcare.com Investor Information. [ Accessed on 23rd December 2016].

TCT TEL Comm TEK Company Commerce Essay Example For Students

TCT TEL Comm TEK Company Commerce Essay First, measuring from point of position of proficient competency ( indicated by past occupation public presentation ) campaigners, all of them had positive evaluations. Wallace rated as proficient and Harrison considered extremely competent and poised to travel into high-level direction. Atasi Das on a regular basis earned first-class evaluations. Jalan Bukit Seng systematically rated positive. Saumitra Chakraborty has successfully increased TCT India s gross revenues. From point of position of adaptiveness ( self-maintenance, satisfactory relationships with host subjects and sensitiveness to host environments ) Harrison, Desai, Seng and Chakraborty are good option for TCT ( TEL-COMM-TEK ) . Harrison has worked in the Asian Regional Office and traveled on a regular basis toured TCT s Southeast Asiatic operations. Desai is presently an helper pull offing manager in the big Asiatic operation and citizen of India. Seng is the pull offing manager of TCT s assembly operation in Malaysia. Chakraborty is the helper to the going pull offing manager in India. Furthermore he has outstanding Indian households and authorities functionaries along with his skillfulness in the ways of the Indian Business environment. Outline1 2. What challenges might each campaigner brush in the place?2 3.How might TCT ( TEL-COMM-TEK ) go about minimising the challenges confronting each campaigner?3 Tom Wallace4 BrettHarrison5 Atasi Das6 Ravi Desai7 Jalan Bukit Seng8 SaumitraChakraborty9 4.Should all campaigners receive the same compensation bundle? If non, what factors should act upon each bundle?10 Wallace11 Harrison12 Hyrax13 Desai14 Seng15 Chakraborty16 Direct Compensation Costss17 Company Paid Costss18 Table 1. Required compansation bundle of campaigners19 5. What recommendations can you offer to assist a company confronting this kind of determination that will enable to equilibrate professional and personal characters?20 6. Returning to stuff covered in Chapter 15, specifically that covering with the thought of a matrix organisation, do you see any benefit to naming two of the persons described here to the station? Operationally, one person would be in charge of internal personal businesss, and the other wo uld pull off external personal businesss. What might be the likely benefits and jobs with this agreement? 2. What challenges might each campaigner brush in the place? We will write a custom essay on TCT TEL Comm TEK Company Commerce specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Wallace s strong points are that he is a knowing 30-year TCT veteran and experienced in the proficient and gross revenues facets of occupation. He supported some supply concatenation enterprises in the U.S. market and presently supervises a U.S.-based operation that is similar size of India s new mill. He has superiors typically rate his public presentation as proficient and involvement in an expatriate place. However Wallace besides has weak points that linguistic communication job and no international working experience. So his major challenge will be the adaptiveness to the unfamiliar and inexperient peculiar environment. Harrison s strong points are that high competence, experience in the Asian Regional Office and good familiarity with geographics, political relations, imposts, and mentalities. But, his weak points are linguistic communication job, teenage kids educational job, and calling of his married woman. His expected challenge will be his personal job sing to his household affair. Das s strong points are first-class calling public presentation, adequate experience between staff and line places and single-status. She speaks Hindi as she was born in Indian-American immigrant household and has several household members and relations in India. Her weak points that are no international experience, deficiency of understanding Indian concern environment, and concerns about rough sexual favoritism. Her chief challenge will come from deficiency of international experience. Desai s strong points are that experience in the larger Asiatic operation, M.B.A. degree from esteemed Indian Institute of Management, and native Indian. On the contrary, his weak points are that immature kids and no working experience in his place state. His challenge will be his personal affairs about his household. .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b , .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b .postImageUrl , .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b , .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b:hover , .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b:visited , .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b:active { border:0!important; } .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b:active , .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua5a9a5913cf31c26b474541d581a9d0b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Petrys View Of Victimization In The Street EssaySeng s strong points are that experience worked in either Singapore or Malaysia and willingness to larn other linguistic communications as needed, single-status, and good public presentation with international country. In contrast, his weak points that linguistic communication job and no Indian experience. How to accommodating to different concern environment will be his chief challenge. Chakraborty s strong points are that positive public presentation evaluation, good connexion with outstanding Indian households and authorities functionaries, skillfulness in the ways of the Indian concern environment and fluid linguistic communication accomplishments including local linguistic communications and single-status. However, Chakraborty lacks direct-line and international experience and his chief challenge will come from it. 3.How might TCT ( TEL-COMM-TEK ) go about minimising the challenges confronting each campaigner? Tom Wallace Give translating service, local helper and health care support BrettHarrison Give more compensation bundle. Atasi Das Give an helper assisting her international matter. Ravi Desai Give more compensation bundle including immature kids instruction surport. Jalan Bukit Seng Give Hindi instruction and local helper. SaumitraChakraborty Give more chance to line and international experience 4.Should all campaigners receive the same compensation bundle? If non, what factors should act upon each bundle? Wallace Harrison Hyrax Desai Seng Chakraborty Direct Compensation Costss Base Salary Foreign-Service N/A Goods A ; Service derived function N/A Housing N/A Tax Derived functions N/A N/A Company Paid Costss Education High High N/A High N/A N/A Indian income revenue enhancements Transportation traveling costs High High Medium Medium Low N/A Assorted costs High High Medium Medium Low N/A Working Spouse allowance None High N/A None N/A N/A Annual place leave High High Medium Medium Medium Low Additional wellness insurance, Pension addendums, emptying coverage High High Low High Low Low Table 1. Required compansation bundle of campaigners The compensation bundle will non be same because each campaigner are in different state of affairs. Wallace and Harrison would be received more compensation as they need to travel to India with their household. In add-on, interlingual rendition service cost, kids education cost and more transportation traveling cost and assorted cost compared to individual campaigners should be included. It is expected that Wallace would lief hold of the publicity, as his current place is supposed to be eliminated in six months. This chance is the best manner he maintains his calling until his retirement, so his foreign service cost will be smaller than others. In Harrison instance, nevertheless, it is more complicated as his married woman has her ain calling. If she wants to maintain her calling, she will decline to relocate and it besides affects Harrison s determination. The more compensation should be included to do his married woman agree to relocate. Although Das has Indian background, she was born in and has lived in the United States. It is required to supply transportation traveling cost. However the sum is lower than campaigners with household. Desai and Seng besides need traveling cost, but the geographic distance is shorter than other campaigners come from the United States. Chakraborty does non necessitate to relocate and he is a individual. Therefore his company paid costs would be the least among the campaigners. 5. What recommendations can you offer to assist a company confronting this kind of determination that will enable to equilibrate professional and personal characters? Given this state of affairs, taking an exile is non simple job. Basically exiles are refering about unaccustomed foreign life and their unsure hereafter after repatriation, such as disadvantage on their publicity and losing competence. However, in this instance the campaigners are expected to advance to the higher degree of place. Therefore their major concern will non be their hereafter position in the company. Rank appliers harmonizing to the standards that the company requires from campaigners. Those campaigners have important strengths and failing. Therefore, it is of import to set up the standards more specifically. For the pull offing manager place, experience in the company, proficient competency including managerial accomplishments, linguistic communication ability and countries of expertness should be considered. Besides it is of import to look into campaigner s adaptiveness because working in different environment is wholly different affair. Then see his/her compensation bundle, efficiency compared to costs, and the capableness that the company could afford to the directors, such as orientation plans, and developing chances to heighten their ability. 6. Returning to stuff covered in Chapter 15, specifically that covering with the thought of a matrix organisation, do you see any benefit to naming two of the persons described here to the station? Operationally, one person would be in charge of internal personal businesss, and the other would pull off external personal businesss. What might be the likely benefits and jobs with this agreement? Some MNEs pursue schemes that try at the same time to cover with viing force per unit areas for planetary integrating and local reactivity. As the campaigners have important pros and cons and those are supplemented, using matrix construction could be a good solution. The key is the function of Chakraborty. He is merely candidate to the full understanding curious Indian environment. He is besides able to talk three linguistic communications including Hindi and the local linguistic communication of Bengaluru. Although Das is besides a strong campaigner from this point, established human relation and good public presentation is his privilege plus. However, he lacks of direct-line experience as he has kept the helper place since he joined the company. Although he is about well-known individual, he does non hold international on the job experience. Therefore he could be non suited for one end of the company, planetary integrating. The other campaigners worked abroad deficiency of Indian local environment. Even though Harrison is good acquainted with imposts and many exiles, making concern straight is wholly different. So naming two persons to pull off internal personal businesss and external personal businesss individually is heightening each person s strengths and addendum of those failings.

Free Essays on Green House Effect

Greenhouse Effect On a bright, cool day, most people notice the sun’s rays as feeling good on their skin. By nature, many of us even try to stay on the sunny side of the street while walking. The sun is 93 million miles away from earth and its energy travels to us in moving waves called radiation. The energy becomes heat, light and other energy too. Visible sunlight allows us to see the world around us, but there is invisible sunlight, too. These rays can’t be seen, but some can be felt as heat. They are called ultraviolet rays, and they are what changes the appearance of the skin, like wrinkles and even cancer. I discovered a blanket of gases known as the atmosphere surrounding our planet. It is what provides us with the air we breathe, and it protects us from the full blast of the sun’s radiation. Way up there in the part of the atmosphere called the stratosphere, a layer of gas called ozone, filters out most of the sun’s damaging ultraviolet rays. This happens about five miles to 25 miles above the surface of Earth (Bright 14-15). Only about one- millionth of our atmosphere is made up of ozone. But it has an important job. Ozone can absorb the part of the sunlight called ultraviolet radiation. Some ultraviolet radiation still gets through, but not enough to do serious damage to Earth. Because if it got through, life as we know it would be impossible. But there is a serious problem in the ozone layer. Each year, a large hole appears in it. It isn’t an actual hole, like a hole in a pocket, but a layer getting thinner as it shows up on the satellite pictures. The â€Å"hole† is right over Antarctica, covering an area about the size of the United States. Experiments done in Antartica show that the hole in the ozone layer appears to let in twice as much ultraviolet radiation as normal, according to measurements r... Free Essays on Green House Effect Free Essays on Green House Effect Greenhouse Effect On a bright, cool day, most people notice the sun’s rays as feeling good on their skin. By nature, many of us even try to stay on the sunny side of the street while walking. The sun is 93 million miles away from earth and its energy travels to us in moving waves called radiation. The energy becomes heat, light and other energy too. Visible sunlight allows us to see the world around us, but there is invisible sunlight, too. These rays can’t be seen, but some can be felt as heat. They are called ultraviolet rays, and they are what changes the appearance of the skin, like wrinkles and even cancer. I discovered a blanket of gases known as the atmosphere surrounding our planet. It is what provides us with the air we breathe, and it protects us from the full blast of the sun’s radiation. Way up there in the part of the atmosphere called the stratosphere, a layer of gas called ozone, filters out most of the sun’s damaging ultraviolet rays. This happens about five miles to 25 miles above the surface of Earth (Bright 14-15). Only about one- millionth of our atmosphere is made up of ozone. But it has an important job. Ozone can absorb the part of the sunlight called ultraviolet radiation. Some ultraviolet radiation still gets through, but not enough to do serious damage to Earth. Because if it got through, life as we know it would be impossible. But there is a serious problem in the ozone layer. Each year, a large hole appears in it. It isn’t an actual hole, like a hole in a pocket, but a layer getting thinner as it shows up on the satellite pictures. The â€Å"hole† is right over Antarctica, covering an area about the size of the United States. Experiments done in Antartica show that the hole in the ozone layer appears to let in twice as much ultraviolet radiation as normal, according to measurements r...

Working as a Nurse in the Australian Health Care System Assignment

Working as a Nurse in the Australian Health Care System - Assignment Example In simple terms, principle of wellness is the general integration of mental, physical and spiritual well-being of an individual. My role in the primary care setting generally differs from my role in the acute care set up. The difference generally lies in the health care set up. In primary health care setting, as the provider of the health care, I always act as a first contact within the health care system. In most cases, I coordinate other specialist care directly to the patient (Maruish, 2000). On the other hand, in acute care setting, most of patient’s health care is done in short term. In most cases, the care is urgent. In some cases, the patient is required to stay in the emergency department unlike primary care setting which is continuous. 2. Mr Alexopoulos, is 88 years old who has migrated from Greece and lives alone. He speaks very basic English only. In the past year he has fallen twice at home, once by tripping over a rug and once when he got up to go to the bathroom at night. He has become increasingly afraid of falling again and tends to restrict his activities in the home. He goes out only when accompanied by his son. a. In the information provided, outline the data the nurse would use to complete a risk assessment for Mr Alexopoulos (include biopsychosocial and cultural health care considerations in relation to implementing primary health care). Mr. Alexopoulos case shows the extent at which he requires primary health care. In as much as Alexopoulos is currently fine, he still has the mentality that he will fall again and therefore, he restricts movements in and outside the house. As part of the primary health care, bio psychosocial model approach and the cultural health care settings best suit this type of situation especially when it comes to completing the risk assessment of Alexopoulos. In using the biological psychological model in this case, the nurses will generally assess Alexopoulos behaviors, thoughts and